Positive Inducements in International Statecraft

By David Cortright

Report — June 2000

“Positive Inducements in International Statecraft” by David Cortright in Fraser Forum. Based on a paper of the same title commissioned by the Fraser Institute (June 2000).

The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s

By David Cortright and George A. Lopez, with Richard W. Conroy, Jaleh Dashti-Gibson and Julia Wagler

Book — 2000

Since the end of the Cold War, economic sanctions have been a frequent instrument of UN authority, imposed by the Security Council against nearly a dozen targets. Some efforts appear to have been successful, others are more doubtful; all, though, have been controversial. This book is based on more than two hundred interviews with sanctions experts and officials from the UN and many countries. It provides the first comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of UN sanctions during the 1990s.

End UN Sanctions against Iraq

By David Cortright and George A. Lopez

Newspaper article — 20 August 1999

End UN Sanctions against Iraq” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, The Los Angeles Times, 20 August 1999.

Give Peace a Chance Before Balkans Spin Out of Control

By David Cortright and Alistair Millar

Newspaper article — 12 April 1999

“Give Peace a Chance Before Balkans Spin Out of Control” by David Cortright and Alistair Millar, Defense News, 12 April 1999.

Are Sanctions Just? The Problematic Case of Iraq

By David Cortright and George A. Lopez

Journal article — Spring 1999

“Are Sanctions Just? The Problematic Case of Iraq” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, Journal of International Affairs, vol. 52, no. 2 (Spring 1999).

Morbidity and Mortality among Iraqi Children from 1990 to 1998: Assessing the Impact of Economic Sanctions

By Richard Garfield

Report — March 1999

To gain a more accurate picture of sanctions-related mortality in Iraq, the Fourth Freedom Forum and Kroc Institute commissioned public health specialist Richard Garfield of Columbia University to conduct an independent study. In this study the author evaluates the studies that have been conducted on Iraq to date and takes a fresh look at possible new methodologies for determining sanctions-related mortality, especially for children under five years of age.

Sanctions and Incentives as Tools of Economic Statecraft 

By George A. Lopez and David Cortright

Book chapter — 1999

“Sanctions and Incentives as Tools of Economic Statecraft” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in Globalization and Global Governance, edited by Raimo Väyrynen (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).

Sanctions: Modify ’em

By David Cortright and Samina Ahmed

Journal article — September/October 1998

“Sanctions: Modify ’em” by David Cortright and Samina Ahmed, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, (September/October 1998), pp. 22-24.

Trouble in the Gulf: Pain and Promise

By George A. Lopez and David Cortright

Journal article — May/June 1998

“Trouble in the Gulf: Pain and Promise” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol.54, no. 3 (May/June 1998).