This study explores the possibility of an alternative to the UN comprehensive embargo that has been in place since 1990. Our investigation is prompted by the continued erosion of the economic sanctions and the possible breakdown of controls on Iraq’s production of weapons of mass destruction. To the extent that there is a bias in this report, it is in the direction of affirming the role of sanctions as a viable tool of Security Council action when global norms are violated, while aiming that such sanctions be as humane as possible.
In Search of the Fourth Freedom offers a timely and provocative prescription for reducing the growing threat posed by nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. It goes beyond conventional thinking in challenging the world to replace the law of force with the force of law. It proposes a common-sense international security system based on law and enforced by economic power.
Since the end of the Cold War, economic sanctions have been a frequent instrument of UN authority, imposed by the Security Council against nearly a dozen targets. Some efforts appear to have been successful, others are more doubtful; all, though, have been controversial. This book is based on more than two hundred interviews with sanctions experts and officials from the UN and many countries. It provides the first comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of UN sanctions during the 1990s.